Fuel-injector pump



V. H. PALM FUEL INJiEcToR PUMP Filed April 19, `1928 May 13, 1930.

2 Sheets-Sheet l May 13, 1930.

V. H. PALM FUEL INJECTOR PUMP Filed April 19, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 mw.JN@ www Nw m@ Q H @I K u @wx WW- ,u wm n W okA Qkm Nm. mM. MN

Patented May 13, 1930 UNITED ,i STATES VICTOR H. PALM, oF BUTLER,PENNSYLVANIA A:FUEL-INJEC'I'OR PUMP Application inea April 19,

This invention relates to fuel injector pumps for internal combustionengines and it is among the objects of the invention to provide a pumpfor variable speed engines L, which is adapted to be advanced orretarded while the engine is running.

Another object of the invention is to provide a pump which shall bepositive in its action of injecting fuel into the power cyli) inder inproper timing with the engine.

Still another object of the invention is to provide means for regulatingthe pump to retard the .injection of the fuel in starting and to outdown to a minimum the cut-o' of i the fuel until the engine graduallywarms up and its speed increases.

These and other objects will become more apparent from a considerationof the a'ccompanying drawings in which like refer- 20 ence charactersdesignate like parts and in which Fig. 1 is an elevational view of afuel injector pump embodying the principles of the invention; Fig. -2 alongitudinal sectional view thereof taken along the line II-II, Fig.

25 1; Fig. 3 a transverse section taken along the line III-III, Fig. 1;Figs. 4 and 5 sectional elevational views taken along the lines IV- IV,and V-V, Fig. 2; and Fig. 6 a cross sectional view taken along the lineVI--VI,

30 Fig. 5.v

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, 1 designates the pump housing; 2 apower cylinder of an internal combustion engine; 3 an atomizing nozzleby means of which fuel is sprayed 35 into the combustion chamber 4 ofthe cylinder; 5 designates the power piston; and 6 an exhaust port whichis opened when the piston 5 is at the limit of its down stroke. The fuelnozzle is illustrated as connected by a feed line 7 to the housing 1 ofthe pump.

Referring to Fig. 2 of the drawings, the housing 1 is shown as providedwith a central bore of different diameters for receiving a plungergenerally designated at 10 and having pistons 11 and 12, of differentdiameters, in co-axial alinem'ent, which are sealed by glands 13 and 14in stuffing boxes provided in the pump housing. The gland 13 is packedand secured by a gland nut 15 and the gland 14 is held against a flangedwasher 16 by 1928. Serial No. 271,197.

means of a bushing 17 which is pressed against the member 16 by a screwplug 18. The enlarged portion of plunger 10 constitutes a guide and isprovided with a slot 20 for receiving the enlarged end of a lever 21which is pivoted at 22 to abracket 23. The plunger is limited in itslength of travel in one direction by a stop 24 which is adjusted axiallyby a screw plug 25 that is held in its adjusted position by a lock nut26. Vent holes 27 are provided to permit the ready escape of air frombehind the' plunger 10.

The plunger operating lever 21 is actuated by a slide block 29 which isin screw thread engagement with a plunger 30 that is normally biased bya coil spring 31 to the position shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing; thatis, with the block 29 pressed against the lever 21. A drive bar 32 isoperatively disposed in a guide way 33 and is provided with an opening34 for receiving the head 35 of the plunger 30. The head` 35 is limitedin its movement outward in the opening 34 by pins 36 but will recedeinto opening 34, when the cut-off will not let the cam make its fullstroke-without compressing spring 31. Drive bar 32 is eX- tendedoutwardly by the coil spring 31 which rests against its shoulder 36 andis provided at one end with a cam roller 37 that engages a cam 38mounted on the engine shaft 39. This cam may be actuated by an auxiliaryshaft which is operated through suitable gearing by the engine shaft.

The cam at the end of its extreme throw isv provided with a land 40which maintains the drive bar in its extended position during the,portion of the time when the piston in cylinder 2 is on its expansionstroke, this being for the purpose of preventing the withdrawal of fuelfrom the cylinder and spray nozzle during the period of combustion. Whenthe cam follower 37 is on the decline /portion of the cam, the drive bar32 will be extended in the direction of the engine shaft by the coilspring 44 which abuts against the nut 42 and plate 41.

A cut-off plate 41 is provided for engage-A l ment with the lever 21 onthe side opposite the block 29 by spring 44, the position of the cutolfstop being determined by a movable nut 42 which is recessed at 43 toreceive a coil spring\44 that acts against the plate 41 to hold it inengagement with the lever 21. The position ofthe screw nut 42 isregulated by a screw 45 having left and right hand threads 46 and 47 thethreaded end 46 .interacting with the threaded portion in a stationarynut member 48 so that the movable cut-off nut 42 is subjected to axialmovement upon rotation of the screw, 45, for adistance equal to the sumof the pitches of the threads 46 and 47. The screw 45 is disposed in asleeve 50 having a projection 51 fitting in a slot provided in thehousing 1 to prevent axial movement thereof and sleeve 5() is keyed at52 to the screw 45 to cause the latter to rotate with a longitudinalslidable movement when the sleeve is turned. A clamping sleeve bracket53 is disposed around the sleeve 50 and is connected to a lever 54operated by a governor which may be of any well known type and by meansof whichadjustment of the cut-off nut 42 is effected in the mannerdescribed.

As shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 of the drawings, the large pumping barrelin which the piston 11 is operated and the small barrel in which piston12 operates are provided with communicating ports 56. Figs. 4 and 6; 57,

Figs. 5 and 6; and 58 Figs. 5 and 6, the latter port communicating witha peripheral groove 59, Figs. 2 and 5, formed in the bushing 17. Theport 58 is connected to the feed line 7 leading to the atomizer nozzle 3of the power cylinder. The pumping barrel is connected through passage60 to a source o;- fuel said passage being controlled by a ball valve61. A ball valve 62 controls the passage leading to the port 58. Theballs 61 and 62 are biased by coil springs 63-64 againsttheir seats andare displaced by the suction and oil pressure produced by the pumppiston 11.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the plunger 10 is provided with an opening 66for receiving a pin 67 which is operated by a lever 68 in a manner andfor a purpose to be hereinafter explained. As shown in Fig. 2 the sleeve50 which is attached to rotate with the screw 45 is provided with acalibrated collar 70 to indicate the adjustment, with respect to thecrank 38,

of the cut-0E stop nut y42 by the movement of member 42. The adjustingnut 25 regulating the position of stop 24 of the plunger is alsoprovided witha calibrated shoulder 71 which is in co-operative alinementwith a calibrated finger 72 to indica-te the position of the stop 24which determines the length of travel of the plunger 10. Y

The operation of the fuel injector pump is briefly as follows To .startthe yengine the plunger 10 is secured against movement by the pin'67which 'ts into the opening 66 of the plunger to hold the same againstmovement. The graduated od, is then turned to retard the cut-off stop42,

the screw plug 25 is then screwed inthe direction of the plunger so thatthe latter will have just enough travel to givea light fuel charge.

The engine is brought to the position just over center at which time thecam 38 has compressed spring 31 with head 29 to press against the lever21 and the plunger head 35 back into depression 34. The pin 67 is thenwithdrawn from the plunger by tripping the lever 68 and when releasedthe spring 31 will move the plunger 10 through the lever 21 until spring44 is compressed and let 41 come against stop nut 42 to inject oil intocylinder 2 through the atoinizing nozzle 3. Spring 31 must overcome thetension of spring 44 and the injector oil pressure.

The adjusting screw 25 is then screwed out of the housing to increasethe stroke of the plunger 10 to pump more fuel and as the engine gainsspeed the cut-off stop 42 is also adjusted by turning the calibratedsleeve 50 to limit the travel of the plunger 10. After the proper speedhas been obtained the sleeve 50 is clamped to sleeve bracket 53, andthrough itsconnection 54 with the governor will further regulate theengine speed by changing the eut-oilI stop. By means of the calibratedsleeve 5() and the calibrations on the screw plug 25 and finger 72,adjustments may be made for different fuels to secure economy ofoperation.

1n the operation of the pump the fuel is pumped by the piston 11 anddrawn into the valve chamber by raising the ball 61 on the suctionstroke of the piston; on the return or pressure stroke the oil is forcedpast ball 62 and through the passage 57 raising ball 62 from its seat,and flows through the line 7 leading to the atomizing nozzle 3 of thecylinder. At the next suction stroke of the engine, any oil remaining inthe feed line 7 will be drawn into the small barrel by the piston 12,without interfering with the pumping action of the pump piston 11. Onthe next discharge stroke of piston 11, the pistonlg will replace thefuel in the nozzle line, and on the next suction stroke of plunger 11,plunger 12 will again draw the oil out of the nozzle, or at least drawit back somewhat.

In this manner there will be no dripping of fuel in the combustionchamber after combustion has taken place and as previously explained theland 40 on the cam 3'8 will hold the pumping piston in its-chargingposition during a portion of the expansion stroke of the power pistonfor the purpose of preventing any back-firing into the fuel line.

The type of injector pump herein described is particularly adapted as anoil injector pump in internal combustion engines operatof ignitionsystems, the heat of compression being suiiicient to ignite the fueAlthough one embodiment of the invention has been herein illustrated anddescribed, it will be obvious to those skilled in theart that vvariousmodifications may be made in the details of construction `withoutdeparting from the principles-herein set forth.

I claim herein as my invention:

1.. An injector pump for internal combustion engines comprising ahousing, a plunger having a plurality of pistons in coaxialalinement, alever for lactuating said plunger, a drive bar in operative yieldableengagement with said lever, a cam operatively associated with the engineshaft for actuating said drive bar, and a yieldable device for taking upthe lost motion that is permitted by said yieldable engagement.

2. An injector pump for internal combustion engines comprising ahousing, a plunger having a plurality of pistons in coaxial alinement, alever for actuating said plunger, a drive bar in operative engagementwith said lever, a cam operatively associated with the engine shaft foractuating said drive bar, said cam having a dwell portion on itsoutermost( camming surface to hold the plunger stationary at the end ofthe feeding stroke of the piston.

3. An injector pump for internal combustion engines, comprising incombination a housing having a plurality of pumping barrels, and aplunger having a plurality of pis- -tons in coaxial alinement, saidbarrels having connecting ports, and connections with a source of fuelsupply and an atomizing nozzle in a power cylinder, means for operatingsaid plunger to pump oil to said atomizer, means for-holding saidplunger during a portion of thetexpa'nsion stroke of the power piston,and means for withdrawing the fuel from the atomizer when combustiontakes place in the power cylinder. t

4. A fuel pump for internal combustlon engines comprising, a housinghavinga plurality of pumping barrels, pistons 1n sald b arrels operativeas a unitary member, actuatlng mechanisms for said pistons operated bythe engine shaft, an adjustable stop for regulating the stroke of saidpistons and an adjustable cut-ofil block for regulating the fuel chargedelivered by said barrels.

5. A fuel injector pump for internal combustion engines comprising ahousing' having a plurality of pumping barrels commumcating with thecombustion chamber of said engine, a pair of pistons in coaxialalinement with and adapted to be jointly operated by a reciprocatoryplunger, actuating mechanism for said plunger operatively connected tothe engine shaft, means rendering said pump operative to inject a fuelcharge to the combustion chamber, means for rendering the charging pumpinoperative for an appreciable periignited in the combustion chamber.

6. A fuel injector pump as set forth iny claim 5 in which the travel ofthe plunger is regulated to control the fuel supply to the `enginecylinder and which is provided with adjustable calibrated means for-advancing and retarding the fuel cut-off v 7. A fuel injector pumpcomprising a housing having a pair of pumping barrels in coax/iaialinement, a plunger having. ay pair of pistons disposed Within saidbarrels, a lever pivotally' mounted on said housing and being in slidingengagement with said plunger, an operating bar for actuating said lever,an adjustable stop for regulating the distance of travel of saidplunger, and a cutoff block for controlling the movement of said` leverwhereby the charging stroke of said plunger pistons is regulated.

8. A fuel injector pump as set forth in claim 7 in which the cut-offblock is adjusted by a screw nut which is adapted for regulation by theengine governor.

9. A fuel injector pump for internal combustion engines, comprising ahousing having a pair of pumping barrels of different diameters incoaxial allnement, a spraynozzle leading into the cylinder of theengine, a plunger adapted for reciprocatory movement in said housing andhaving a pair of pistons operatively disposed in said barrels, saidpumping barrels having communicating ports andl a connection with thesaid spray nozzle, and said plunger being adapted for operation by theengine shaft whereby fuel is charged to. the engine cylinder by theadvance stroke of the plunger and withdrawn from the spray nozzle of thecylinder by the reverse stroke of said plungers.

l0. A fuel injector pump for internal combustionengines comprising ahousing having a pair of pumping barrels of different diameters incoaxial alinement, a plunger adapted for reciprocatory movement in saidhousing s and having a pair of pistons operatively disposed in saidbarrels, said pumping barrels havingl communicating ports and aconnection with the combustion chamber ofthe engine cylinder, andsaidplunger being adapted for operation by the engine shaft whereby fuelischargedto the engine cylinder by one piston and surplus fuel drawnback by the other piston in timed relation with the engine shaft.

11. Injector pump mechanism for internal combustion engines, comprisinga pumping piston, means operating in predetermined relation to movementof the engine for actuating said piston and adjustable stop device forregulating the point at wlnch the feeding stroke of the piston vends andan adlofi justable device for limiting the suction stroke of the iston.

12. injectorpump for internal combustion engines comprislng a mainpiston for feeding fuel to an engine through a fuel supply line, andmeans apart from said main piston for retraeting fuel in the supply lineupon beginning of return movement of said piston.

13. An injector pump for internal combustion engines, comprising pistonmeans for feeding fuel to an engine through a fuel supply line, andmeans apart from said piston for retracting fuel in the supply lineduring retractive movement of said piston and forl returning theWithdrawn fuel to the supply line during feeding movement of the piston.

In testimony whereof I, the said VICTOR H. PALM, have hereunto set myhand.

VICTOR H. PALM.

